A new classification system for hadrons (subatomic particle) was developed, organizing them into families based on increasing properties he whimsically called the Eightfold Way (from Buddhism). This new system involved quarks (from Finnegan's Wake) with fractional electric charges (1/3, 2/3) and like Mendeleev's periodic table, predicted gaps that would later be filled.
A visual chronology of Asimov's ~1500 scientific inventions and discoveries.