Phosphate esters were known to be critical to the body's function. This discovery found two kinds of phosphate bonds, one liberating a small quantity of energy and the other a large quantity, called high-energy phosphate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a key compound with high-energy phosphate bonds, crucial for bodily energy functions.
A visual chronology of Asimov's ~1500 scientific inventions and discoveries.