Game-playing computers

Shannon proposed a method for creating chess-playing computers (after Arthur L. Samuel's checkers in 1947), leading to machines capable of playing high-level chess games. This innovation expanded computers' abilities beyond simple calculations into strategic gameplay.
 Claude Shannon and Arthur Samuel United States 1950 Game-playing computers

Shannon proposed a method for creating chess-playing computers (after Arthur L. Samuel's checkers in 1947), leading to machines capable of playing high-level chess games. This innovation expanded computers' abilities beyond simple calculations into strategic gameplay.